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Basic component of a computer system Unit-1

Types of Computers

Basic component of a computer system

A computer system is composed of several basic components that work together to perform various functions. These components work together to enable the computer to execute tasks and run applications. Each component plays a specific role in the overall functionality of the system. The main components include:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the CPU performs calculations and executes instructions of a computer program.

Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for temporarily storing data that the CPU is actively using or processing. It is volatile memory, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off.

Memory (ROM) : stands for Read-Only Memory. It is a type of computer memory that is used primarily in the storage of firmware and software that is not expected to be modified or written to during normal computer operation. Unlike Random Access Memory (RAM), which is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off, ROM retains its content even when the power is off.

Storage Devices: These devices are used for long-term storage of data. Examples include Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid State Drives (SSDs).

Motherboard: The motherboard is a central circuit board that connects and facilitates communication between various hardware components, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and peripherals.

Input Devices: These devices allow users to interact with the computer by providing input. Common examples include keyboards, mice, and touchscreens.

Output Devices: These devices display output (information processed by the computer). Common examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.

Peripheral Devices: In addition to input and output devices, peripherals include devices such as printers, scanners, and external storage devices that can be connected to the computer.

Network Interface Card (NIC): This component allows the computer to connect to a network, enabling communication with other computers and devices.

Operating System: The operating system ( Windows, macOS, Linux) is software that manages and controls the computer hardware, as well as provides a user interface and runs applications.

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